Mosby Digital Image Acquisition Practice Test

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• Filtration has little effect on receptor exposure because x-rays removed from beam are not image-producing rays.
• How do scatter, beam quality, and patient size interact to affect image contrast?
• A radiographic image with few gray tones, primarily black and white, has which type of contrast?
• Quality assurance and maintenance of CR cassettes include erasing plates at least:
• Which statement correctly describes magnification in radiography?
• Digital image receptors are more sensitive to which factor?
• The process of assigning a value to each pixel to represent a gray tone is called:
• Elongation and foreshortening are examples of:
• If SID is doubled, what may be said about receptor exposure?
• What is the impact of increasing the amount of processing on image quality?
• A primary advantage to digital fluoroscopy is:
• Using high kVp results in which type of contrast and grayscale?
• The 15% rule states that:
• What is a ghost image, and in which imaging mode is it most commonly a concern?
• In digital radiography, what is the practical implication of wide detector latitude for exposure management?
• Which parameter primarily influences beam energy and radiographic contrast?
• The function of contrast is to:
• How do direct conversion DR detectors differ from indirect conversion DR detectors?
• Exposure indicators provide a numeric measure of detector exposure; consistent EI helps maintain uniform brightness.
• Spatial resolution is defined as which of the following?
• What is the effect of filtration on receptor exposure?
• Name two common QA tests for DR systems.
• What is the Moiré effect, and how can it be prevented in grid-based radiography?
• Grid frequency is defined as:
• Beam restriction reduces the number of Compton interactions, affecting contrast how?
• Increasing beam filtration results in a beam described as harder. Which energy-related description is correct?
• Why is mAs still a clinically important parameter in digital radiography?
• When selecting a grid for digital radiography, which factor should be considered?
• How does focal spot size influence geometric unsharpness and spatial resolution?
• Which statement about the air gap technique is true?
• Differential absorption of the x-ray beam is a function of which interaction?
• What is the effect of increasing kVp on subject contrast?
• If histogram indicates underexposure, which adjustments are typically considered?
• How do grids influence image quality and patient dose in modern digital radiography?
• What is the role of collimation in dose management and image quality?
• In digital radiography inappropriate collimation can cause which of the following?
• Which of the following affects receptor exposure?
• GCF is defined as the amount of increase in kVp necessary when converting from nongrid to grid techniques.
• Define detective quantum efficiency (DQE) and its impact on dose efficiency.
• Beam-part-receptor alignment latitude describes which concept?
• The range of source-to-image distances (SIDs) that may be used with a focused grid is called what?
• Energy of the x-ray photons produced is primarily determined by:
• mAs directly controls:
• Which dose metric is commonly included in DR dose tracking?
• Excessive processing of the digital image may:
• Which statement describes the effect of using a smaller focal spot on spatial resolution?
• Which metric combines dose and irradiated area to quantify the radiation exposure delivered to the patient?
• What does the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) describe in radiographic systems?
• How do kVp and mAs collectively influence detector exposure, image contrast, and patient dose?
• The portion of radiographic contrast caused by variations in anatomy or pathology is called?
• Which statement describes the effect of beam restriction on radiographic contrast?
• Why is post-processing used in digital radiography and what safeguards guide its use?
• The expression of image quality provided by a detector is called:
• If kVp is increased by 15% with the mAs unchanged, receptor exposure will approximately:
• What is the primary mechanism by which grids improve image contrast?
• In CR imaging, what term describes the plate that stores the latent image?
• The actual patient dose as measured by a meter embedded in the collimator is:
• Which grid design provides the best scatter cleanup?
• Quality assurance and maintenance of CR cassettes include cleaning and inspecting the plates at least:
• Which metric is used to evaluate the spatial resolution performance of a digital radiography system?
• Why must DICOM header information be accurate and complete?
• What is the impact of prosthetic materials on digital image acquisition, and how is it managed?
• Which term describes the highest spatial frequency that can be recorded by a digital detector?
• What is the role of QA in DR system maintenance and what are typical frequencies?
• The smallest resolvable area in a digital imaging device is which?
• As beam filtration increases, image contrast typically changes how?
• Which of the following best describes the goal of uniform processing codes in digital imaging quality assurance?
• Which term describes the range of receptor exposures that provides a quality image?
• Which graphical representation displays the distribution of pixel values in an image?
• The anode heel effect results in greater intensity toward which side of the beam?
• Which material is used in direct conversion DR detectors?
• Which principle states that the product of current and exposure time yields the same receptor exposure if the mAs is the same?
• Why might exposure be increased when using a grid in digital radiography?
• Distortion that occurs when the x-ray beam is angled against the long axis of a part is:
• If SID is reduced by one half, what must be done to mAs to maintain a constant receptor exposure?
• When using beam restriction, what adjustment is typically required for technical factors?
• What is the consequence of poor exposure reproducibility on dose tracking and QA comparisons?
• The smallest area represented in a digital image is the:
• Magnification is caused by:
• Distinguish between aliasing and Moiré; why are they concerns in digital imaging?
• Beam-part-receptor alignment latitude describes the latitude of collimation that still allows what?
• How does grid frequency influence the risk of Moiré patterns in digital radiography?
• Which governs the relationship between SID and receptor exposure?
• Undesirable fluctuations in image brightness are called?
• How does histogram-based exposure evaluation aid technique adjustments after a chest radiograph?
• Technique charts are most beneficial when manual techniques are used. Which option reflects this idea?
• Which term is synonymous with the range of receptor exposures that yields diagnostic image quality?
• What is automatic exposure control (AEC), and what is its main benefit?
• To reduce patient dose, digital imaging technique should be adjusted by increasing kVp. Which option best represents this guidance?
• Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to degraded spatial resolution?
• Distortion may be described as:
• Which term describes image distortion that mimics misrepresentation of an anatomic structure on the radiograph?
• To maintain receptor exposure when using a grid, you should increase which parameter?
• Quality assurance of digital imaging requires uniformity of processing codes to ensure what outcome?
• In digital fluoroscopy, what equipment should be used to view the image?
• Higher fill factor directly improves detection efficiency and signal-to-noise ratio.
• Dose Area Product is best described as:
• Which device is used to physically restrict the size and shape of the x-ray beam?
• What is detector saturation, and why is it undesirable?
• In general, anything interfering with accurate image formation is known as which term?
• In digital images, what term describes the smallest unit of an image file that stores brightness information?
• Low signal-to-noise ratio results in what effect on the image?
• What is edge enhancement and when can it cause diagnostic errors?
• How does patient motion affect image quality, and what strategies reduce motion artifacts?
• The smallest resolvable detector unit is called which?
• Improper use of grids may result in an image artifact known as:
• How is dose tracking integrated into digital radiography systems?
• What does flat-field calibration accomplish in detector uniformity?
• The grid type designed with lead strips and interspacers angled to match beam divergence is called which grid type?
• The variation of x-ray intensity along the longitudinal axis describes which phenomenon?
• Digital imaging is driven by which factor?
• Receptor exposure was formerly called:
• Define bit depth and its effect on grayscale resolution.
• If you change from a nongrid technique with 10 mAs at 75 kVp to using a 12:1 grid at 75 kVp, what mAs is needed to produce the same image?
• What is the importance of monitor calibration in radiology imaging?
• Nyquist frequency in detector sampling: which statement is correct?
• Grid selectivity is defined as the ratio of primary radiation transmitted through the grid to secondary radiation transmitted through the grid.
• Grid cutoff is most clearly described as which of the following?
• Which of the following are primary factors that limit spatial resolution in a digital radiography system?
• When AEC is used, increasing the kVp has which effect?
• How does the appearance of digital images on technologists' monitors compare with radiologists' monitors?
• The available grayscale of an imaging system is determined by which factor?
• Visible differences in adjacent structures on a radiographic image describe:
• Using a large focal spot will primarily affect image sharpness by:
• In digital radiography, what does bit depth influence?
• The active portion(s) of a CR IP is (are):
• How does using a grid affect receptor exposure if mAs is not increased to compensate?
• What is gray-scale mapping, and how can inappropriate mapping mislead diagnosis?
• How are exposure indicators (EI) used to manage dose and image quality?
• Which of the following is a correct pairing of artifact/phenomenon and its associated cause?
• What is the primary purpose of grids?
• Which artifact is least likely to be seen on a PSP plate?
• Nyquist frequency and detector sampling: what is it and why is it relevant?
• What are common PSP plate artifacts, and how can we mitigate them?
• Mathematical codes used to generate the digital image are called:
• If the pixel density increases, what happens to the detector's ability to resolve small details?
• Which statement about focal-spot size is true according to the material?
• Low-kVp technique is most associated with which type of contrast scale?
• The radiographic image is formed by which of the following?
• An artificial increase in display contrast at an edge of the image is called which?
• Grid ratio is defined as:
• What is the Last Image Hold feature and its clinical use?
• How can exposure index values vary among manufacturers, and why is this important?
• In radiography, high kVp is associated with which statement about grayscale?
• Which parameter describes the system's ability to record a wide range of brightness levels?
• What does exposure reproducibility mean in radiography, and how is it ensured?
• Receptor exposure may be defined as which of the following?
• The number of pixels making up the digital image is described by which term?
• What is DICOM, and why is it essential in digital radiography?
• Which parameter controls the number of gray shades per pixel?
• Elongation occurs when the X-ray beam is angled along the long axis of a part.
• What is the purpose of using standard presets in post-processing to avoid misrepresentation?
• Which component of a digital detector is responsible for producing light after absorbing X-rays?
• The primary controlling factor(s) of contrast is (are):
• Compare the CR (PSP) workflow with the DR workflow.
• Which single factor listed will increase spatial resolution?
• Why is it important to track patient dose and maintain dose records for each exam?
• The level of kVp that yields more uniform penetration through anatomy is which option?
• What converts light into a charge?
• How does pediatric imaging impact technique selection and dose?
• The relationship between kVp and receptor exposure is best described as
• To reduce patient dose, exposure technique in digital imaging should be adjusted by which change?
• Explain detector lag and its potential impact on follow-up imaging.
• Given an original technique of 30 mAs and 80 kVp, which would produce an image with double the receptor exposure?
• A high SNR provides an image with:
• Digital image receptors are more sensitive to which factor?
• What allows more anatomic structures to be captured during an exposure?
• A material that absorbs x-ray energy and emits part of that energy as visible light is called:
• Contrast improvement factor is the measure of the grid's ability to enhance contrast.
• As beam restriction tightens, receptor exposure what happens to receptor exposure?
• Which statement about the role of kVp is accurate?
• Which software function is used to bring uniform brightness across the image by smoothing?
• What is a histogram in digital radiography, and why is histogram analysis performed after exposure?
• The useful image acquisition area of an image receptor is which?
• Which term describes the distance between centers of adjacent pixels?
• Which change to exposure setup will increase magnification and potentially reduce spatial resolution?
• What is a practical measure to prevent Moiré patterns in DR imaging?
• What effect do radiographic grids have on contrast?
• Why is technique documentation important in digital radiography performance and QA?
• Quantum noise limits ability to see:
• The element in the imaging chain that converts light into an electrical signal is the:
• Smoothing software may result in:
• In digital radiography, what is the effect of higher detector sampling frequency on spatial resolution?
• The grid type with lead strips and aluminum interspacers angled to coincide with the divergence of the x-ray beam is called what?
• How can the use of a technique chart reduce dose creep in a DR program?
• What are the potential consequences of excessive edge enhancement on radiographic images?
• The space from the center of a pixel to the center of the adjacent pixel is called:
• What is the ALARA principle and how does dose tracking support it?
• Why is dose optimization essential in digital radiography despite wide detector latitude?
• Which are the primary controlling factors of receptor exposure?
• In radiographic geometry, increasing the object-to-image distance (OID) will:
• How does geometric unsharpness relate to focal spot size in radiography?
• How does windowing influence image interpretation, and what pitfalls should be avoided?
• What is the function of quantization in digital imaging?
• What is the software function that evens the brightness displayed in the image called?
• If the exposure field is not accurately recognized, the histogram will contain data:
• The number of electrons that flow from the cathode to the anode in the tube is controlled by:
• Gross overexposure of the IR results in:
• Why is monitor calibration important in radiology imaging?
• Reducing the object-to-image distance (OID) will have what effect on spatial resolution?
• Distortion that occurs when the x-ray beam is angled along the long axis of a part is:
• Which term describes a high-contrast image with limited gray tones?
• Grid cutoff may be described as which phenomenon?
• What is dose creep, and how can it be prevented?
• In indirect conversion DR detectors, X-rays are first converted to what in the scintillator before becoming an electrical signal?
• The number of pixels per millimeter in an image to the center of the adjacent pixel is called:
• What is the effect of detector uniformity on image quality, and what can nonuniformity cause?
• What is exposure latitude, and why do digital systems typically offer wider latitude than film-screen?
• Which grid type provides the most effective scatter cleanup?
• Optimal spatial resolution may be created using which of the following factors?
• Bit depth is equal to:
• Which of the following maintains image brightness over a wide range of exposures?
• Which describes the relationship between mAs and receptor exposure?
• What term describes the distance range within which a focused grid can be used?
• An indicator of the dose level needed to acquire an optimal image is which metric?
• What is the purpose of maintaining dose records for each exam?
• The CR reader unit scans the IP with a which device?
• What happens when automatic rescaling corrects for underexposure; what is a potential risk?
• Which factor is most associated with reducing grid-related artifacts?
• Technique charts: which statement is true?
• Thicker part of anatomy should be placed under which aspect of the x-ray tube?
• What is the fill factor in digital detectors and how does it affect image quality?
• Explain the difference between window width and window level and their clinical use.
• Lower spatial resolution may be caused by which factor?
• Define quantum mottle and its relationship to exposure.